Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples

Abraha Gebregewergis; Gebeyaw Achenef

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11

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Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples

Abraha Gebregewergis, Gebeyaw Achenef

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 26 July 2021 Accepted: 23 February 2022 Published: 28 February 2022

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Abstract

An efficient and cost effective method was developed and optimized for the digestion of Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Cd and Pb in teff samples by using MP-AES. The effect of the digestion media, digestion time and digestion temperature on the efficiency of extraction of metals from the teff samples was examined. The levels of the metals in the Teff samples were determined for the samples collected from three selected areas (Bure, Debre Markos and Bahir Dar) of Ethiopia. Concentrated HNO₃ and HClO₄ were determined to be the most efficient digestion media for all the metals studied. After proper sample pretreatment, 5 mL HNO₃: 1 mL HClO₄, 240°C and 2:30 h were the optimized digestion conditions. Then using the optimized conditions sample preparation was made and levels of metals were determined by micro-plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy (MP-AES). The optimized conditions in this study were economical in terms of time and reagent volumes used compared to other authentic reports. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 92% to 104%, which is good and was in the acceptable range of 90% ± 10.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Acid Digestion, Determination, Metals, Optimization, Teff Sample

References

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[4]	Kingston, H. M., Jassie, L. B. (1986). Micro wave energy for acid decomposition at elevated [temperatures and pressures using biological and botanical samples, Anal. Chem. 58, 2534–2541.
[5]	Kingston, H. M., Walter, P. J. (1992). Comparison of micro wave versus convention dissolution for environmental applications, Spectroscopy 7, 20-27.
[6]	Zeleke, K. (2009). Levels of essential elements in three teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] varieties. Master Thesis, Addis Ababa University.
[7]	Zhang, C. (2001). Fundamentals of environmental sampling and analysis, Wiley publishing.
[8]	Massarini, E., Wästerby, P., Landström, L., Lejon, C., Beck, O., & Andersson, P. O. (2015). Methodologies for assessment of limit of detection and limit of identification using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 207, 437-446.
[9]	Gebregewergis, A., Chandravanshi, B. S., & Redi-Abshiro, M. (2020). Levels of selected metals in teff grain samples collected from three different areas of Ethiopia by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 34 (3), 449-462.
[10]	Shrivastava, A., & Gupta, V. B. (2011). Methods for the determination of limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the analytical methods. Chronicles of young scientists, 2 (1), 21-25.
[11]	Shah, V. P., Midha, K. K., Dighe, S., McGilveray, I. J., Skelly, J. P., Yacobi, A., ... & Spector, S. (1992). Analytical methods validation: bioavailability, bioequivalence, and pharmacokinetic studies. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81 (3), 309-312.
[12]	Habte, A., Lelago, A., Doda, M. B., & Kanido, C. K. (2020). Determination of Selected Essential and Non-Essential Metals in Three Types of Teff (Eragrostis tef) Cultivated in Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 9 (04), 255.
[13]	Sáez-Plaza, P., Navas, M. J., Wybraniec, S., Michałowski, T., & Asuero, A. G. (2013). An overview of the Kjeldahl method of nitrogen determination. Part II. Sample preparation, working scale, instrumental finish, and quality control. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 43 (4), 224-272.
[14]	Mekebo, D., and Chandravanshi, B. S. (2014). Levels of essential and non-essential metals in linseed (Linum usitatissimum) cultivated in Ethiopia. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 28 (3), 349-362.
[15]	Maina, I. W. (2016). Use of Moringa Oleifera (Moringa) seed pods and sclerocarya birrea (Morula) nutshells for metal removal from wastewater and borehole water.

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APA Style

Abraha Gebregewergis, Gebeyaw Achenef. (2022). Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 7(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11

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ACS Style

Abraha Gebregewergis; Gebeyaw Achenef. Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples. World J. Appl. Chem. 2022, 7(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11

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AMA Style

Abraha Gebregewergis, Gebeyaw Achenef. Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples. World J Appl Chem. 2022;7(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11,
  author = {Abraha Gebregewergis and Gebeyaw Achenef},
  title = {Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20220701.11},
  abstract = {An efficient and cost effective method was developed and optimized for the digestion of Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Cd and Pb in teff samples by using MP-AES. The effect of the digestion media, digestion time and digestion temperature on the efficiency of extraction of metals from the teff samples was examined. The levels of the metals in the Teff samples were determined for the samples collected from three selected areas (Bure, Debre Markos and Bahir Dar) of Ethiopia. Concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 were determined to be the most efficient digestion media for all the metals studied. After proper sample pretreatment, 5 mL HNO3: 1 mL HClO4, 240°C and 2:30 h were the optimized digestion conditions. Then using the optimized conditions sample preparation was made and levels of metals were determined by micro-plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy (MP-AES). The optimized conditions in this study were economical in terms of time and reagent volumes used compared to other authentic reports. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 92% to 104%, which is good and was in the acceptable range of 90% ± 10.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples
AU  - Abraha Gebregewergis
AU  - Gebeyaw Achenef
Y1  - 2022/02/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11
AB  - An efficient and cost effective method was developed and optimized for the digestion of Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Cd and Pb in teff samples by using MP-AES. The effect of the digestion media, digestion time and digestion temperature on the efficiency of extraction of metals from the teff samples was examined. The levels of the metals in the Teff samples were determined for the samples collected from three selected areas (Bure, Debre Markos and Bahir Dar) of Ethiopia. Concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 were determined to be the most efficient digestion media for all the metals studied. After proper sample pretreatment, 5 mL HNO3: 1 mL HClO4, 240°C and 2:30 h were the optimized digestion conditions. Then using the optimized conditions sample preparation was made and levels of metals were determined by micro-plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy (MP-AES). The optimized conditions in this study were economical in terms of time and reagent volumes used compared to other authentic reports. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 92% to 104%, which is good and was in the acceptable range of 90% ± 10.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Abraha Gebregewergis

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella, Ethiopia
Gebeyaw Achenef

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Abraha Gebregewergis, Gebeyaw Achenef. (2022). Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 7(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11

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ACS Style

Abraha Gebregewergis; Gebeyaw Achenef. Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples. World J. Appl. Chem. 2022, 7(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11

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AMA Style

Abraha Gebregewergis, Gebeyaw Achenef. Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples. World J Appl Chem. 2022;7(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11,
  author = {Abraha Gebregewergis and Gebeyaw Achenef},
  title = {Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20220701.11},
  abstract = {An efficient and cost effective method was developed and optimized for the digestion of Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Cd and Pb in teff samples by using MP-AES. The effect of the digestion media, digestion time and digestion temperature on the efficiency of extraction of metals from the teff samples was examined. The levels of the metals in the Teff samples were determined for the samples collected from three selected areas (Bure, Debre Markos and Bahir Dar) of Ethiopia. Concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 were determined to be the most efficient digestion media for all the metals studied. After proper sample pretreatment, 5 mL HNO3: 1 mL HClO4, 240°C and 2:30 h were the optimized digestion conditions. Then using the optimized conditions sample preparation was made and levels of metals were determined by micro-plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy (MP-AES). The optimized conditions in this study were economical in terms of time and reagent volumes used compared to other authentic reports. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 92% to 104%, which is good and was in the acceptable range of 90% ± 10.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Adjusting Acid Digestion Procedure to Determine the Concentration Levels of Essential Metals in Teff Samples
AU  - Abraha Gebregewergis
AU  - Gebeyaw Achenef
Y1  - 2022/02/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20220701.11
AB  - An efficient and cost effective method was developed and optimized for the digestion of Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Cd and Pb in teff samples by using MP-AES. The effect of the digestion media, digestion time and digestion temperature on the efficiency of extraction of metals from the teff samples was examined. The levels of the metals in the Teff samples were determined for the samples collected from three selected areas (Bure, Debre Markos and Bahir Dar) of Ethiopia. Concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 were determined to be the most efficient digestion media for all the metals studied. After proper sample pretreatment, 5 mL HNO3: 1 mL HClO4, 240°C and 2:30 h were the optimized digestion conditions. Then using the optimized conditions sample preparation was made and levels of metals were determined by micro-plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy (MP-AES). The optimized conditions in this study were economical in terms of time and reagent volumes used compared to other authentic reports. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 92% to 104%, which is good and was in the acceptable range of 90% ± 10.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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