-
Research Article
Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Drinking Water Quality in Magburaka Town, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone
Sahr Emmanuel Lebbie*
,
Ahmed Wopa Wurie,
David Conteh
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
90-100
Received:
5 September 2025
Accepted:
19 September 2025
Published:
9 October 2025
Abstract: This study evaluates the physico-chemical quality of drinking water from various sources in Magburaka Town, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone, to identify potential health risks associated with water consumption. Water samples were collected from five sources, including hand-dug wells, taps, and streams, during a three-month period encompassing the dry and wet seasons. The samples were analyzed for key parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of heavy metals and other chemical contaminants. The results highlighted variations in water quality across different sources, with some samples exhibiting parameters outside the acceptable limits set by WHO guidelines. Specifically, concerns were noted regarding elevated levels of heavy metals like lead and zinc, which pose health risks upon prolonged exposure. The study emphasizes the impact of local environmental factors, such as mining activities and agricultural runoff, on water quality. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of adequate water treatment and proper sanitation practices to mitigate health risks associated with contaminated water. The findings advocate for improved water management policies, routine monitoring, and community education on water safety. This research contributes valuable data to inform interventions aimed at enhancing water quality and safeguarding public health in Sierra Leone, particularly in rural and semi-urban settings where reliance on untreated water sources remains high. Overall, the study underscores the critical need for sustainable water resource management and infrastructure development to address waterborne health hazards in the region, the research therefore recommends that further researchers should embark on a comparative study on the correlation and a clear cut of laboratory analysis on drinking water quality in other cities and its associated diseases.
Abstract: This study evaluates the physico-chemical quality of drinking water from various sources in Magburaka Town, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone, to identify potential health risks associated with water consumption. Water samples were collected from five sources, including hand-dug wells, taps, and streams, during a three-month period encompassing the ...
Show More
-
Research Article
Comparative Studies of the Physicochemical Properties of Super Fuels Sold in the City of Brazzaville
Ulrich Berry*,
Smael Magloire Elombo Motoula,
Rene Evrard Josue Samba,
Laurette Brigelia Nkeletela,
Ermelan Makaya Poaty
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
101-108
Received:
10 September 2025
Accepted:
22 September 2025
Published:
17 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The oil industry is divided into two sectors: the upstream sector, which involves exploration and production, and the. The downstream sector of the oil industry, comprising refining and distribution, plays a key role in converting crude oil into economically valuable products. Oil refining involves a range of processes that transform crude oil into fuels (LPG, gasoline, diesel), combustibles (fuel oils), and specialty products (waxes, paraffins), all of which must meet regularly updated standards. These operations are conducted in refineries, which are classified as either simple (few units) or complex (many units, allowing for more efficient and diverse output). The refining process produces various fractions, including combustible gases (C1-C2), LPG, gasoline fractions (C5-C10), kerosene (C10-C13), gas oils (C13-C25), and heavier products (C20-C50) that undergo cracking to yield lighter products. This study focuses on evaluating the physicochemical properties of premium gasoline sold in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. The analysis of multiple samples showed that fuel sold by private vendors is of lower quality than that sold at official service stations. Key parameters assessed include density, specific gravity, viscosity, and pH.
Abstract: The oil industry is divided into two sectors: the upstream sector, which involves exploration and production, and the. The downstream sector of the oil industry, comprising refining and distribution, plays a key role in converting crude oil into economically valuable products. Oil refining involves a range of processes that transform crude oil into...
Show More
-
Research Article
New Challenge on Determination of the Reasonable Rotation to Revolution Speed Ratio for the Mechanical Activation of Boron Concentrate in Planetary Ball Mill
Kyong-Chol Kim*,
Yong-Min Kim,
Song-Jin Choe
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
109-117
Received:
22 July 2025
Accepted:
19 August 2025
Published:
27 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20251004.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The planetary ball mill is extensively used for grinding, mechanical activation, mechanical alloying, and mechanochemical synthesis of different substances including nanomaterials. It is very important to determine the optimal operating parameters for high efficiency of the planetary ball mill. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal operating conditions for the planetary ball mill because the motion mechanism within the vial is too complex and many factors affect the motion and they are closely related to each other. In particular, the type and property of powder materials have a great influence on the ball motion and energy, and the optimum operating parameter values, even the ball motion state or mechanism, are different from each other in many studies. In this paper, the effect of the rotation to revolution speed ratio on the several interaction forces, such as the normal, tangential, compressive, and total forces, in the planetary ball mill using discrete element method is investigated for determination of the reasonable rotation to revolution speed ratio for the mechanical activation of boron concentrate. The normal and total forces have maximal values at RRSR = 4-4.5, however, the tangential and compressive forces have no maximal value and continue to increase. The action of the normal force might be greater than both of the tangential and compressive forces, moreover, there might be the action of the total force. It is difficult to determine the optimal rotation-to-revolution speed ratio by consideration with only a few factors such as normal, tangential, compressive and total forces in planetary ball mill, therefore, further research is needed.
Abstract: The planetary ball mill is extensively used for grinding, mechanical activation, mechanical alloying, and mechanochemical synthesis of different substances including nanomaterials. It is very important to determine the optimal operating parameters for high efficiency of the planetary ball mill. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal oper...
Show More
