Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi; Adelere Folake Irewunmi; Sholotan Kazeem Joshua; Nwaemeke David Iweunor

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi, Adelere Folake Irewunmi, Sholotan Kazeem Joshua, Nwaemeke David Iweunor

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 21 May 2021 Accepted: 11 June 2021 Published: 11 August 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Tigernut, or Cyperus esculentus L, is a tuber that grows and is frequently consumed in West Africa. Tigernut tuber is highly nutritive with high starch, glucose and proteins contents. It's high in minerals (including phosphorus and potassium), as well as vitamins C, D, and B₁, which all assist to improve antioxidant activity. It can be consumed raw or dried and combined with roasted peanuts. The minerals, vitamins and phytochemical contents of tigernut were analyzed using accepted methods after the minerals value of the plant tubers were carefully pounded and grounded to paste. The presence of Tannin, Terpenes, Phenol, and Steroids were discovered as a result of phytochemical research in trace and in moderate concentration. Tigernut was found to contain 0.5305% phytochemicals. Phenol had a concentration of 0.236%, Saponin had a concentration of 0.167%, Glycosides had a concentration of 0.124%, Steroids had a concentration of 0.0028%, Tannin had a concentration of 0.0018%, and Terpenes had a concentration of 0.0017%. Also, the minerals assay revealed the presence of presence of calcium (Ca²⁺), potassium (K+), copper (Cu²⁺), iron (Fe²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), manganese (Mn²⁺) and phosphorous (P+) in the tigernut tuber sample. Highest mineral element found was potassium (K+) and least was zinc with values of 4478.76 mg/kg and 0.589 mg/kg respectively. Tigernut tubers also contains high levels of vitamin C, B₁, and D. Vitamin D was present in higher concentrations in (µg/100g) of (22.79 µg/100g) followed by vitamin C (5.76 mg/100g) and vitamin B₁ (2.38 mg/100g). The result showed that tigernut tuber contain appreciable number of minerals, vitamins and low level of phytochemicals and could contribute to the recommended dietary allowance of the body.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12
Page(s)	36-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tigernut, Minerals, Phytochemical, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin B₁

References

[1]	Achikanu, C. E., Ani, O. N., and Akpata, E. I. (2020). Proximate, vitamin and phytochemical composition of Cucumis metuliferus seed. Steroids, 2, 0-158.
[2]	A. O. A. C. 2005. 20^th edition published by association of Official Analytical Chemists Anligton, Virginia, USA.
[3]	Arafat, S. M., Gaafar, A. M., Basuny, A. M., and Nassef, S. L. (2009). Chufa tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.): As a new source of food. World Applied Sciences Journal, 7 (2), 151-156.
[4]	Anyalogbu E. A., and Ezejiofor T. I. N., 2017. Effect of processing on Antinutrients contents of African Elemi (Canarium schweinfurthii) And African Walnut (Plukenetia conophora) Consumed As traditional snacks in Nigeria. Int l J. of Scientific and Technol. Res. 6 (7). 383-391.
[5]	Belewu, M. A., and Belewu, K. Y. (2007). Comparative physico-chemical evaluation of tigernut, soybean and coconut milk sources. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5 (785), e787.
[6]	Bilikis, A., and Olanrewaju, A. (2015). Chemical compositions, antioxidant capacity of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) and potential health benefits. European Scientific Journal.
[7]	Chukwuma, E. R., Obioma, N., and Christopher, O. I. (2010). The phytochemical composition and some biochemical effects of Nigerian tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tuber. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9 (7), 709-715.
[8]	Cox-Georgian, D., Ramadoss, N., Dona, C., and Basu, C. (2019). Therapeutic and medicinal uses of terpenes. In Medicinal Plants (pp. 333-359). Springer, Cham.
[9]	Ezeh, O., Gordon, M. H., and Niranjan, K. (2014). Tiger nut oil (Cyperus esculentus L.): A review of its composition and physico-chemical properties. European journal of lipid science and technolgy, 116 (7), 783-794.
[10]	Imam, T. S., Aliyu, F. G., and Umar, H. F. (2013). Preliminary phytochemical screening, elemental and proximate composition of two varieties of Cyperus esculentus (Tiger nut). Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 21 (4), 247-251.
[11]	Kumar, A., and Mishra, A. K. (2018). Biological importance of phenol derivatives as potent bioactive compound: a review. Letters in Organic Chemistry, 15 (4), 251-264.
[12]	Khan, M. R., Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. S., and Begum, S. A. (2006). A simple UV-spectrophotometric method for the determination of vitamin C content in various fruits and vegetables at Sylhet area in Bangladesh. J. Biol. Sci, 6 (2), 388-392.
[13]	Koirala, N., Dhakal, C., Munankarmi, N. N., Ali, S. W., Hameed, A., Martins, N. and Salehi, B. (2020). Vitex negundo Linn.: phytochemical composition, nutritional analysis, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
[14]	Onyegeme-Okerenta, B. M., Nwosu, T., and Wegwu, M. O. (2017). Proximate and phytochemical composition of leaf extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6 (2), 320-326.
[15]	Cellular and Molecular Biology, 66 (4), 1-7.
[16]	Stroud, M. L., Stilgoe, S., Stott, V. E., Alhabian, O., and Salman, K. (2008). Vitamin D: a review. Australian Journal of General Practice, 37 (12), 1002.
[17]	Suleiman, M. S., Olajide, J. E., Omale, J. A., Abbah, O. C., and Ejembi, D. O. (2018). Proximate composition, mineral and some vitamin contents of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus). Clinical Investigation, 8 (4), 161-165.
[18]	Wayah, S. B., and Shehu, S. (2013). Assessment of the Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Components of Tiger nut Residues. International Journal of Scientific Research, 4 (6), 342- 344.
[19]	Yildirim, I. and Kutlu, T. (2015). Anticancer agents: saponin and tannin.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi, Adelere Folake Irewunmi, Sholotan Kazeem Joshua, Nwaemeke David Iweunor. (2021). Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(3), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi; Adelere Folake Irewunmi; Sholotan Kazeem Joshua; Nwaemeke David Iweunor. Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut. World J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 6(3), 36-40. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi, Adelere Folake Irewunmi, Sholotan Kazeem Joshua, Nwaemeke David Iweunor. Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut. World J Appl Chem. 2021;6(3):36-40. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12,
  author = {Ani Abosede Oluwakemi and Adelere Folake Irewunmi and Sholotan Kazeem Joshua and Nwaemeke David Iweunor},
  title = {Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {36-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20210603.12},
  abstract = {Tigernut, or Cyperus esculentus L, is a tuber that grows and is frequently consumed in West Africa. Tigernut tuber is highly nutritive with high starch, glucose and proteins contents. It's high in minerals (including phosphorus and potassium), as well as vitamins C, D, and B1, which all assist to improve antioxidant activity. It can be consumed raw or dried and combined with roasted peanuts. The minerals, vitamins and phytochemical contents of tigernut were analyzed using accepted methods after the minerals value of the plant tubers were carefully pounded and grounded to paste. The presence of Tannin, Terpenes, Phenol, and Steroids were discovered as a result of phytochemical research in trace and in moderate concentration. Tigernut was found to contain 0.5305% phytochemicals. Phenol had a concentration of 0.236%, Saponin had a concentration of 0.167%, Glycosides had a concentration of 0.124%, Steroids had a concentration of 0.0028%, Tannin had a concentration of 0.0018%, and Terpenes had a concentration of 0.0017%. Also, the minerals assay revealed the presence of presence of calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), magnesium (Mg2+), manganese (Mn2+) and phosphorous (P+) in the tigernut tuber sample. Highest mineral element found was potassium (K+) and least was zinc with values of 4478.76 mg/kg and 0.589 mg/kg respectively. Tigernut tubers also contains high levels of vitamin C, B1, and D. Vitamin D was present in higher concentrations in (µg/100g) of (22.79 µg/100g) followed by vitamin C (5.76 mg/100g) and vitamin B1 (2.38 mg/100g). The result showed that tigernut tuber contain appreciable number of minerals, vitamins and low level of phytochemicals and could contribute to the recommended dietary allowance of the body.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut
AU - Ani Abosede Oluwakemi
AU - Adelere Folake Irewunmi
AU - Sholotan Kazeem Joshua
AU - Nwaemeke David Iweunor
Y1 - 2021/08/11
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12
DO - 10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12
T2 - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP - 36
EP - 40
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2637-5982
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12
AB - Tigernut, or Cyperus esculentus L, is a tuber that grows and is frequently consumed in West Africa. Tigernut tuber is highly nutritive with high starch, glucose and proteins contents. It's high in minerals (including phosphorus and potassium), as well as vitamins C, D, and B1, which all assist to improve antioxidant activity. It can be consumed raw or dried and combined with roasted peanuts. The minerals, vitamins and phytochemical contents of tigernut were analyzed using accepted methods after the minerals value of the plant tubers were carefully pounded and grounded to paste. The presence of Tannin, Terpenes, Phenol, and Steroids were discovered as a result of phytochemical research in trace and in moderate concentration. Tigernut was found to contain 0.5305% phytochemicals. Phenol had a concentration of 0.236%, Saponin had a concentration of 0.167%, Glycosides had a concentration of 0.124%, Steroids had a concentration of 0.0028%, Tannin had a concentration of 0.0018%, and Terpenes had a concentration of 0.0017%. Also, the minerals assay revealed the presence of presence of calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), magnesium (Mg2+), manganese (Mn2+) and phosphorous (P+) in the tigernut tuber sample. Highest mineral element found was potassium (K+) and least was zinc with values of 4478.76 mg/kg and 0.589 mg/kg respectively. Tigernut tubers also contains high levels of vitamin C, B1, and D. Vitamin D was present in higher concentrations in (µg/100g) of (22.79 µg/100g) followed by vitamin C (5.76 mg/100g) and vitamin B1 (2.38 mg/100g). The result showed that tigernut tuber contain appreciable number of minerals, vitamins and low level of phytochemicals and could contribute to the recommended dietary allowance of the body.
VL - 6
IS - 3
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi

Science Laboratory Technology, Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa, Nigeria
Adelere Folake Irewunmi

Science Laboratory Technology, Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa, Nigeria
Sholotan Kazeem Joshua

Science Laboratory Technology, Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa, Nigeria
Nwaemeke David Iweunor

Science Laboratory Technology, Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi, Adelere Folake Irewunmi, Sholotan Kazeem Joshua, Nwaemeke David Iweunor. (2021). Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(3), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi; Adelere Folake Irewunmi; Sholotan Kazeem Joshua; Nwaemeke David Iweunor. Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut. World J. Appl. Chem. 2021, 6(3), 36-40. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ani Abosede Oluwakemi, Adelere Folake Irewunmi, Sholotan Kazeem Joshua, Nwaemeke David Iweunor. Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut. World J Appl Chem. 2021;6(3):36-40. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12,
  author = {Ani Abosede Oluwakemi and Adelere Folake Irewunmi and Sholotan Kazeem Joshua and Nwaemeke David Iweunor},
  title = {Mineral, Vitamin and Phytochemical Content of the Tigernut},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {36-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20210603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20210603.12},
  abstract = {Tigernut, or Cyperus esculentus L, is a tuber that grows and is frequently consumed in West Africa. Tigernut tuber is highly nutritive with high starch, glucose and proteins contents. It's high in minerals (including phosphorus and potassium), as well as vitamins C, D, and B1, which all assist to improve antioxidant activity. It can be consumed raw or dried and combined with roasted peanuts. The minerals, vitamins and phytochemical contents of tigernut were analyzed using accepted methods after the minerals value of the plant tubers were carefully pounded and grounded to paste. The presence of Tannin, Terpenes, Phenol, and Steroids were discovered as a result of phytochemical research in trace and in moderate concentration. Tigernut was found to contain 0.5305% phytochemicals. Phenol had a concentration of 0.236%, Saponin had a concentration of 0.167%, Glycosides had a concentration of 0.124%, Steroids had a concentration of 0.0028%, Tannin had a concentration of 0.0018%, and Terpenes had a concentration of 0.0017%. Also, the minerals assay revealed the presence of presence of calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), magnesium (Mg2+), manganese (Mn2+) and phosphorous (P+) in the tigernut tuber sample. Highest mineral element found was potassium (K+) and least was zinc with values of 4478.76 mg/kg and 0.589 mg/kg respectively. Tigernut tubers also contains high levels of vitamin C, B1, and D. Vitamin D was present in higher concentrations in (µg/100g) of (22.79 µg/100g) followed by vitamin C (5.76 mg/100g) and vitamin B1 (2.38 mg/100g). The result showed that tigernut tuber contain appreciable number of minerals, vitamins and low level of phytochemicals and could contribute to the recommended dietary allowance of the body.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download